List of Code Linters
C++
Tools Considered
- g++
- The plain compiler invoked as
g++ -Weverything -con the file. Not ideal nor a real linter, but mainly for convenience. - clang++
- The plain compiler invoked as
clang++ -Weverything -con the file. Not ideal nor a real linter, but mainly for convenience. - cppcheck
- A C/C++ linter with a novel flow sensitive analysis.
- cpplint
- A linter built by google specifically for their coding standard.
- clang-tidy
- A clang-based C++ linter
- clang-analyzer
- Another clang-based static C++ linter with awesome reporting features.
Checks
64 Bit Compatibility
// return cast from ptr to int
int ptr_to_int()
{
void * p = 0;
return p;
}
// return cast from ptr to long
long ptr_to_long()
{
void * p = 0;
return p;
}
// return cast from int to ptr
void * int_to_ptr()
{
int i = 0;
return i;
}
// return cast from long to ptr
void * long_to_ptr()
{
long l = 0;
return l;
}
int main ()
{
void * p = 0;
// assign address to int
int i = p;
// assign address to long
long l = p;
//assign int to address
p = i;
//assign long to address
p = l;
return 0;
}
| Linter | ptr2int | ptr2long | int2ptr | long2ptr | ptr2int return | ptr2long return | int2ptr return | long2ptr return |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g++ -Weverything | Y[1] | Y[1] | N | N | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] |
| clang++ -Weverything | Y[1] | Y[1] | N | N | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] |
| cppcheck[2] | Y[1] | Y[1] | N | N | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] |
| cpplint | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N |
| clang-tidy | Y[1] | Y[1] | N | N | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] |
| clang-analyze | Y[1] | Y[1] | N | N | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] | Y[1] |
Assert
#include <assert.h>
volatile static int i = 0;
bool side_effect ()
{
i++;
return true;
}
int main ()
{
// Indirect assignment via preincrement
assert (++i);
// Indirect assignment via postincrement
assert (i++);
// Direct assignment in assert
assert (i = 1);
// Assert calling function with side effects
assert (side_effect());
return 0;
}
| Linter | preinc | postinc | assignment | function |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| g++ -Weverything | N | N | N | N |
| clang++ -Weverything | N | N | N | N |
| cppcheck[1] | N[2] | Y | Y | Y |
| cpplint | N | N | N | N |
| clang-tidy | N | N | N | N |
| clang-analyze | N | N | N | N |
- ↑ Ran with --enable=all
- ↑ I sent a fix in https://github.com/danmar/cppcheck/pull/2605
Memory Leaks (function variables)
#include <glib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
// New
int *a = new int;
// Malloc
int *b = (int *)malloc(sizeof (int));
// Calloc
int *c = (int *)calloc(1, sizeof (int));
// Realloc
int *d = (int *)realloc(0, sizeof (int));
// External library
int *e = (int *)g_malloc(sizeof (int));
return 0;
}
| Linter | New | Malloc | Calloc | Realloc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| g++ -Weverything | N | N | N | N |
| clang++ -Weverything | N | N | N | N |
| cppcheck | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| cpplint | N | N | N | N |
| clang-tidy | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| clang-analyze | Y | Y | Y | Y |
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